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Tertium quid
Tertium quid refers to an unidentified third element that is in combination with two known ones.〔"(Tertium quid )", ''Online Etymological Dictionary''〕 The phrase is associated with alchemy.〔 It is Latin for "third thing", a translation of the Greek ''tríton ti'' (τρίτον τι).〔 The Greek phrase was used by Plato (360 BC),〔Grote, George, ''(Plato, and the other companions of Sokrates ),'' Volume 2, p. 418. From the dialogue ''Sophist'': "Existence or reality must therefore be a ''tertium quid'', apart from motion and rest, not the sum total of those two items."〕 and by Irenæus (''c.'' AD 196).〔Irenæus, ''(Against Heresies )'' 2.1.3. The surviving text is Latin, but the original would have been in Greek. "But if they
say this, there will be a 'tertium quid,' with this immense separation between the Pleroma and what is outside it, and this 'tertium quid' will limit and contain the other two, and will be greater than both the Pleroma and what is outside it, since it contains both in its bosom." (Grant, Robert McQueen, ''Irenaeus of Lyons'', p. 108.)〕 The earliest Latin example is by Tertullian (''c.'' 220), who used the phrase to describe a mixed substance with composite properties such as electrum, a somewhat different sense than the modern meaning.〔Tertullian, ''Adv. Praxean'' 27. "If, however, it was only a ''tertium quid,'' some composite essence formed out of the two substances, like the ''electrum'' (which we have mentioned), there would be no distinct proofs apparent of either nature." (That is, of the divine and human natures of Christ.)〕
==In Christology==
In the Christological debates of the fourth century, it was used to refer to the followers of Apollinaris who spoke of Christ as something neither human nor divine, but a mixture of the two, and therefore a "third thing".
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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